Cold War and Communism Essay

There are situations in life that crumb arise at any moment, without our control. Nuclear warfare and terrorist act are two of these situations. There are things we privy do to prepare for these situations, but are we ever really prepared?To break down beneath the brat of nuclear war must have been terrible. To go to sleep that at any moment a something precise catastrophic could line up to us and our family, and there are only a number of things we can do to protect ourselves, is a gut wrenching feeling. During the Cold War, the bane of nuclear war and the atomic flop put fear into everyones life. There was nothing civilians could do about this, except to Duck and cloak.The threat of the atomic bomb was so real that schools were instructing students on what to do if and when it was to occur. Duck and c over is what the students were taught to do. No matter where the person was, outside or inside, duck and cover was the best thing they could do in enjoin to protect thems elves from flying debris and the extremely bright light. Im sure that the fear that the threat of the atomic bomb scared the children very much.Living to a lower place the threat of nuclear war and living under the threat of terrorism have a lot in common. terrorism defines many different situations, such as 9/11, a accelerator entering a public place, poison being put into our tenor or drinking water, etc. The fear is the same, we are afraid that a situation could occur that could harm, or even kill, us or our love ones, and there is nothing we can do to prevent it. Just desire schools were teaching students what to do in example of a nuclear bomb during the Cold War, schools are now teaching students what to do in case of a terrorist attack.Since the shooting at the elementary school Connecticut, schools all over the country have been teaching the students what to do and how to handle the situation. I count that this is a very positive thing. School shootings seem to be cas ualty more and more often, and students should be prepared. One different between the threat of the nuclear bomb and the threat of terroristic attacks is that the nuclear bomb was expected to happen, terrorism isnt something we expect, it tend to happen randomly with no warning.Living under the threat of any catastrophic event is very frightening. All we can do is learn what to do in the situation and be prepared.

English In The Indian Subcontinent

incline in the Indian Subcontinent upright as in the Caribbean, the side oral communication arrived in S divulgeh Asia as a result of colonisation. Un handle its history in the Caribbean, how ever so, position has always co-existed in the Indian subcontinent alongside thousands of local manner of tellings. So for almost of the population, it has only ever been a back up speech. The origins of side in India The British m countenanceen arrived in India in the early 1600s and soon ceremonious trading posts in a issuing of cities under the control of The East India Comp some(prenominal).By 1765 the Companys curve had gr take in to much(prenominal) an extent that the British were effectively controlling most go bads of the country. This date is a great deal taken as the start of what is referred to as The Raj a period of British rule in India that lasted until license in 1947. Initi exclusivelyy position was only taught to the local population finished the carry o nment of Christian missionaries there were no official attempts to force the run-in on the masses.But by the 1700s, slope had firmly established itself as the lecture of governance and many enlightened Indians were claiming teaching in face as a government agency of social advancement. By 1857 universities had opened in Bombay, Calcutta and Madras. slope was more(prenominal) and more accepted as the lyric of government, of the social elite, and of the theme press. After Independence After Independence, India became a nation state, and it was intended that side would gradu each(prenominal)y be phased out as the style of administration.But there was no simple solvent as to which oral communication should replace it. At first Hindoo, the most astray spoken lecture, seemed the obvious choice, further following violent protests in 1963 in the state of Tamil Nadu against the imposition of Hindi as a internal language, opinion has re importanted divided. In a countr y with over 900 million deal and more than a thousand languages, it is difficult to choose a bingle national language, as m some early(a) tongue speakers of that language would automatically wonder greater social stipulation and experience easier chafe to positions of power and influence.Even Ghandi, a prop iodinnt of a native variety as a national language, accepted that his message was most widely understood if expressed in position. So, although position is not an indigenous language, it remains as an Associate Language in India, alongside Hindi, the Official Language of the Union of India and eighteen subject Languages, such as Bengali, Gujurati and Urdu, that have a special placement in certain individual states. incline in India immediately Despite continue pressure from nationalists, side remains at the heart of Indian society.It is widely employ in the media, in Higher Education and government and wherefore remains a common meaning of communication, both amo ng the judgement classes, and in the midst of speakers of mutually unintelligible languages. According to recent surveys, approximately 4% of the Indian population use position. That figure might seem insignifi senst, unless out of the total population this represents 35 million speakers the largest English-speaking community after-school(prenominal) the USA and the UK. In admission there be speakers of English in other parts of confederation Asia, such as Pakistan, Bangladesh and Sri Lanka, where English plays a similar role.English is virtually a mother tongue for many educated South Asians, but for the bulky majority it remains a second language. This means there are speakers whose spoken English is heavily influenced by speech patterns of their ethnic language, alongside those whose speech reveals secret code of their racial screen background and more or less who are ranged somewhere in mingled with. Asian influence there are a number of elements that characterise the more extreme ferments of South Asian English. In terms of pronunciation, many speakers do not oppose between the sounds and .They might besides replace in words like think and this with a and sound, as no Indian languages contain these consonants. nether the influence of traditional Hindi grammar, speakers often use progressive tenses in statements, such as I am believing you or she is disposition music. Anyone who has experience of speech in the UKs Asian communities will alike have encountered the phenomenon of encipher-switching mixing words, phrases or even whole declares from deuce different languages indoors the same conversation.The occasional or even frequent use of a Hindi (or Urdu, Punjabi, Gujurati etc.) word or expression within an English sentence stooge authorize a great sense of shared individuality or solidarity with other speakers. This characteristic feature of Asian speech has direct commentators to coin popular terms, such as Hinglish (i. e. Hind i English) or Pinglish (i. e. Pakistani English). The table below utilizes several examples of speakers utilize a number of pronunciations and grammatical constructions that are typical of speech on the Indian subcontinent. All the audio frequency clips are taken from recent BBC inter cycloramas and come from spontaneous conversation and wherefore reflect the natural reflexes of South Asian English.The left hand unsandedspaper column lists each feature, while the second column gives an explanation. The list is by no means comprehensive, but by clicking on the sound file you can hear an extract from a recording of a speaker using the target feature. English in India Officially English has a status of assistant language, but in fact it is the most important language of India. After Hindi it is the most commonly spoken language in India and probably the most allege and written language in India. Indians who hunch English will always try to show that they k at a time English.En glish symbolizes in Indians minds, better bringing up, better culture and higher intellect. Indians who know English often mingle it with Indian languages in their conversations. It is withal usual among Indians to abruptly move to speak fluent English in the middle of their conversations. English also serves as the communicator among Indians who speak different language. English is very important in some systems legal, financial, educational, commercial enterprise in India. Until the beginning of 1990s, foreign movies in India werent translated or dubbed in Indian languages, but were broadcast in English and were meant for English speakers only.The reason Indians give such importance to English is related to to the fact that India was a British colony (see Europeans in India). When the British started ruling India, they searched for Indian mediators who could help them to administer India. The British turned to high company Indians to work for them. Many high caste Indians, especially the Brahmans worked for them. The British form _or_ system of government was to create an Indian class who should think like the British, or as it was said then in Britain Indians in blood and color but English in taste, in opinions and morals and intellect.The British also established in India universities based on British models with emphasis on English. These Indians also got their education in British universities. The English Christian missionaries came to India from 1813 and they also built schools at primary level for Indians in which the language of instruction was local language. Later on the missionaries built high schools with English as the language of instruction which obliged the Indians who wanted to study to have a good knowledge of English.The British rulers began building their universities in India from 1857. English became the first language in Indian education. The modern leaders of that era in India also supported English language and claimed it to be the main let out towards success. Indians who knew good English were seen as the new elite of India. Many new schools were established in which the language of instruction was English. According to the British laws the language of instruction at university level was English and therefore schools that emphasized English were preferred by ambitious Indians.Even after Indias independence, English remained the main language of India. Officially it was given a status of an assistant language and was supposed to terminate officially after 15 years of Indias independence, but it still remains the important language of India. Even today schools in India that emphasis English are considered better schools and the same is the field at university levels, even though there is a trend towards Indianization. In the 1970s and 1980s about one third of the Indian schools had English as their first language.For most of these students, English is their first language and it is easier for them to communicate, read and write in English than in Indian languages, including their mother tongues. Just like the Americans, Australians or even the British who have their unique English words and phrases, the Indians also have their own unique English. The Indians and the Indian English language press uses many words derived from Indian languages, especially from Hindi. another(prenominal) than that, the Indian accent is sometimes difficult for non-Indians to register. There are some Indian pronunciations that dont exist in non Indian languages.The British also had problems with that and they ca apply some changes in Indian words so that they could word them. Even the Indians started using these changed words and made them part of their English. Two examples of such changed words are currey and sari. your score. English as a National international Language India has two national languages for central administrative purposes Hindi and English. Hindi is the national, official, and main link language of India. English is an associate official language. The Indian Constitution also officially approves twenty-two regional languages for official purposes.Dozens of intelligibly different regional languages are spoken in India, which share many characteristics such as grammatical structure and vocabulary. Apart from these languages, Hindi is used for communication in India. The homeland of Hindi is in general in the northern of India, but it is spoken and widely understood in all urban centers of India. In the southern states of India, where batch speak many different languages that are not much related to Hindi, there is more resistance to Hindi, which has allowed English to remain a lingua franca to a greater degree.Since the early 1600s, the English language has had a toehold on the Indian subcontinent, when the East India Company established organizetlements in Chennai, Kolkata, and Mumbai, formerly Madras, Calcutta, and Bombay respectively. The historical background of India is never far outside(a) from everyday usage of English. India has had a longer exposure to English than any other country which uses it as a second language, its distinctive words, idioms, grammar and empty talk imbueing gradually to affect all places, habits and culture. In India, English serves two purposes.First, it provides a linguistic tool for the administrative cohesiveness of the country, causing people who speak different languages to become united. Secondly, it serves as a language of wider communication, including a large variety of different people covering a vast area. It overlaps with local languages in certain spheres of influence and in public domains. Generally, English is used among Indians as a link language and it is the first language for many well-educated Indians. It is also the second language for many who speak more than one language in India.The English language is a tie that helps bind the many segments of our society together. Also , it is a linguistic connect between the major countries of the world and India. English has special national status in India. It has a special place in the parliament, judiciary, broadcasting, journalism, and in the education system. One can see a Hindi-speaking teacher giving their students instruction manual during an educational tour about where to meet and when their bus would leave, but all in English. It means that the language permeates daily life.It is unavoidable and is always expected, especially in the cities. The importance of the ability to speak or write English has recently increased significantly because English has become the de facto standard. Learning English language has become popular for business, commerce and cultural reasons and especially for cyberspace communications throughout the world. English is a language that has become a standard not because it has been approved by any standards organization but because it is widely used by many information and t echnology industries and recognise as creation standard.The call centre phenomenon has stimulated a immense expansion of profits-related activity, establishing the future of India as a cyber-technological super-power. Modern communications, videos, journals and newspapers on the internet use English and have made knowing English indispensable. The usual view seems to be that unless students learn English, they can only work in limited jobs. Those who do not have basic knowledge of English cannot obtain good quality jobs. They cannot communicate efficiently with others, and cannot have the win of Indias rich social and cultural life.Men and women who cannot comprehend and interpret book of instructions in English, even if educated, are unemployable. They cannot help with their childrens school provision everyday or decide their revenue options of the future. A positive attitude to English as a national language is congenital to the integrating of people into Indian society . There would appear to be virtually no disagreement in the community about the importance of English language skills. Using English you will become a citizen of the world almost naturally. English plays a dominant role in the media.It has been used as a moderate for inter-state communication and broadcasting both before and since Indias independence. India is, without a doubt, committed to English as a national language. The jar of English is not only continuing but increasing. IMPORTANCE OF side IN INDIA In our country English is important for a number of reasons. India is a land of diversity. Different people speak different languages. A person of Tamil Nadu does not speak Hindi. So he cant understand Hindi of a person from North India. However he can understand in English.So English is alink language. Different people can communicate with one another with the help of English. Secondly,all advanced knowledge in perception,technology and treat is available in English. The res ults of the in style(p) researches come to india through the medium of English. If we give up English,we will lag behind in the higher palm of study. Today the world has become one family. It is all due to English. English is an international language. English is the language of the Constitution,the Supreme Court,the High Courts and official departments.English is now firmly rooted in the soil of India. It has become a part of Indian life. Thus English has great importance for the integrity of India. It has to be second language in our contry for the better turnment of the country. Summary A look at the importance of English in India and the world. Read more at http//www. usingenglish. com/articles/importance-english-language. htmltv8TJv6iPHuq8AYh. 99 A language is a systematic means of communication by the use of sounds or conventional symbols. It is the code we all use to express ourselves and communicate to others.It is a communication by word of mouth. It is the mental facul ty or power of vocal communication. It is a system for communication ideas and feelings using sounds, gestures, signs or marks. Any means of communicating ideas, specifically, human speech, the expression of ideas by the voice and sounds articulated by the organs of the throat and mouth is a language. This is a system for communication. A language is the written and spoken methods of combining words to create implication used by a particular group of people.Language, so far as we know, is something specific to humans, that is to say it is the basic capacity that distinguishes humans from all other living beings. Language therefore remains potentially a communicatory medium capable of expressing ideas and concepts as well as moods, feelings and attitudes. A sterilise of linguists who based their assumptions of language on psychology made claims that language is nothing but habit formation. According to them, language is learnt through use, through practice. In their view, the more one is exposed to the use of language, the better one learns.Written languages use symbols (characters) to build words. The entire set of words is the languages vocabulary. The ways in which the words can be meaningfully feature is defined by the languages syntax and grammar. The actual meaning of words and combinations of words is defined by the languages semantics. The latest and the most advanced discoveries and inventions in science and technology are being made in the universities located in the United States of America where English language is the means of scientific discourse.The historical circumstances of India (having been ruled by the British for over two centuries) have given the Indians an easy access to mastering English language, and innumerable opportunities for advancement in the field of science and technology. Many Indians have become so skilled in English language and have won many international awards for creative and proportional literatures during the last few years. Sometime ago, an Indian author, Arundhati Roy, won the prestigious booking agent prize for her book The God of Small Things.Her book sold lakhs of copies all over the globe. Over the years, English language has become one of our hotshot assets in getting a global leadership for books written by Indian authors and for films made by Indians in English language. A storied Indian movie maker Shekhar Kapoors film Elizabeth has got several nominations for Oscar Awards. It does not require any further argument to establish the advantage English language has brought to us at the international level. English language comes to our aid in our commercial transactions throughout the globe.English is the language of the latest business management in the world and Indian proficiency in English has brought laurels to many Indian business managers. English is a means not only for international commerce it has become increasingly essential for inter-state commerce and communication. In India, people going from North to South for education or business mostly communicate in English, which has become a link language. Keeping this in mind, the Parliament has also recognized English as an official language in addition to Hindi.All the facts of history and developments in present day India underline the continued importance of learning English in addition to vernaculars. Some of the states of India are witnessing popular increase in public demand for teaching of English language from the primary classes. Realizing the importance, recently, the diplomatic minister of Indian Railways, Laloo Prasad Yadav, demands teaching of English language in schools. The great demand for admission in English medium schools throughout the country is a testimony to the attraction of English to the people of India.Many of the leaders, who denounce English, send their own children to English medium schools. Many of the schools in the country have English as the sole or additional medium of instruction. A language attracts people because of the wealth of literature and knowledge enshrined in it. English poses no danger to Indian languages. The Indian languages are vibrant and are develop by the contributions of great minds using them as their vehicle of expression. English is available to us as a historical heritage in addition to our own language.We must make the best use of English to develop ourselves culturally and materially so that we can compete with the best in the world of mind and matter. English language is our window to the world. English language is one tool to establish our viewpoint. We can learn from others experience. We can obstructer the theories of foreigners against our experience. We can reject the untenable and accept the tenable. We can also administer our theories among the international audience and readers.We can make use of English to supercharge our worldview and spiritual heritage throughout the globe. Swami Vivekananda established th e greatness of Indian view of religion at the world conference of religions in Chicago in 1893. He addressed the gathering in impressive English. Many spiritual gurus have since converted thousands of English people to our spirituality by expressing their model and ideas in masterful English. English has thus become an effective means of promoting Indian view of life, and strengthening our cultural identity in the world.When William Caxton set up his printing press in capital of the United Kingdom (1477) the new hybridizing language (vernacular English mixed with courtly French and scholarly Latin) became increasingly standardized, and by 1611, when the Authorized (King James) Version of the Bible was published, the educated English of London had become the core of what is now called Standard English. By the time of Johnsons dictionary (1755) and the American Declaration of Independence (1776), English was international and recognizable as the language we use today.The Orthograph y of English was more or less established by 1650 and, in England in particular, a form of standard educated speech, known as Received Pronunciation (RP) spread from the major public schools in the 19th century. This accent was adopted in the early 20th century by the British Broadcasting stool (BBC) for its announcers and readers, and is variously known as RP, BBC English, Oxford English, and the Kings or sprites English. Generally, Standard English today does not depend on accent but rather on shared educational experience, mainly of the printed language.Present-day English is an immensely varied language, having absorbed material from many other tongues. It is spoken by more than 300 million native speakers, and between 400 and 800 million foreign users. It is the official language of air remove and shipping the leading language of science, technology, computers, and commerce and a major medium of education, publishing, and international negotiation. For this reason, scholars frequently refer to its latest phase as domain English. Read more at http//www. usingenglish. com/articles/importance-english-language. htmll0tZymxyFrQpCsKi. 99

Autobiography of a Coin

I was born in mines. My body is make of various metals. Thus I corroborate no fixed race. I am a hybrid. I commend the day when I was specify into a furnace. The whole of my body was burning red hot. Finally, I remember vaguely to have melted. I was put into mcould and given a naked as a jaybird shape. When I regained consciousness, I found that I had completely changed. My body was promising brightly. When I had put on my new shape, beautiful designs were put upon both sides of me. I began to smile with joy. After the pains of fires, I had be accrue a personage with some status. I remained at the mint for a fewer days with a number of brothers and sisters.We were lending a happy spiritedness full of golden dreams about our future lives and vexationers. It was a red earn day in the history of my life, when I was put into a massive bag along with all my brothers and sisters and placed in a bus. We knew we would exit the light of the day. Our grand careers were going to comm ence. We were on the threshold on a new life. Of course, for some time it was suffocating. But we did non mind. We knew our troubles were short lived and would come to an end actually soon. We therefore suffered patiently the mild yoke of deity. We were taken down at a majestic building.My friends told me we had reached The State avow. I heaved a sigh of relief but my troubles were yet not over. I was closed in a safe. It was rigorous imprisonment. It was rumored that armed law of nature guarded the doors of our prison. We were sad at heart. We had run from frying pan to the fire. entirely our hopes were on the point of being shuttered. We prayed to god and one day he did listen to our prayers. A gentleman came to my rescue. He took me and some of my brother family and put me in a chest. The next day he gave me to his child, who was very pleased to see my glittering appearance.I was also glad to have obtained this materialisation friend. I had thought that I shall get an oopp ortunity of enjoying the company of my friend for a long time. But alas He went straight to a sweet-seller and threw me at his shop. The sweet-seller knocked my head against the ground. I had learnt the lesson that life is not a bed of roses. It is authentically full of dangers, difficulties and disappointments. To cut a long story short, I have been leading a free, vagrant life. I have been with old and young, juicy and poor, men, women and children. I have been with doctors and cobblers, cycle-merchants and lawyers, sstudents and company managers.It is impossible to recount all the adventures. I have had all the ups and downs. Now I am old and weak. prison term was, when I was young, fresh, energetic and fiery. Now I am mere ashes. I am worn-out and weather-beaten and my heart is as grey as my head. I that console myself with the thought that I have ever received love and affection in my life. Everybody has taken great care of me and kept me as best he could. For this all gen erosity, I thank everybody with all my heart. I have no ambition. I am only waiting for the day, when I shall go back into the lap of my creator (the in charge of mint).

A Severed Head by Iris Murdoch Essay

Iris Murdoch constructs the wise, considered widely to have ushered in the sexual Revolution of the 60s and 70s in England, with a stolon person male character, Martin Lynch-Gibbon. Martin is an fastness class drink merchant, and it is with him that the novel begins, as we be disposed a picture of him fable in bed with his younger lover, Georgie, a educatee at Oxford, in the bliss of a vigorous, sexually driven descent alongside a stable and convenient marriage.However, it is soon after this, when upon go home, that his pampered wife Antonia tells him that she has been in love with his psychoanalyst and a family friend, Palmer Anderson. They wish to persist in their cordial dealingship with Martin, though Antonia has decided to seek divorce and join Palmer. Martin falls spur on his relationship with Georgie Hands, though we are aband unmatchabled a sense at this point in the story, that the vigor is no more to be found, and it is reminiscent of something like Florent inos wo humankindizing in an effort to rationalize the meaning of the loss he has suffered in Marquez Love in the Time of Cholera.It is Ferminas rejection that drives him into a situation of bankruptcy, and it is here withal that Martin tries to keep the different pieces together, though with a sense of loss that had do his relationship with Georgie complete. This missing part is his sense of security, his marriage of convenience, and a wife that he is other than indifferent to, Antonia. It is also the sense of having lost her to his friend, when he had taken for granted that fact that his maleness in his liaison with Georgie had unclutter him something of an artifact, a break up purpose to be held onto by the anthropologist A man who would non lose his wifes attentions.As a wine merchant, he chooses whiskey as a preference, and as a Marquezian lover, misinterprets his aver charm. What is to be understood is that Antonia suffer only be truly supererogatory when she has b roken out of the construct in which she start outs herself pampered, materially lack of want, just now missing a sort of impulsive romanticizing that will fall through her otherwise mundane demeanor an aesthetic appeal. She needs to be tested for her love, and this can only happen when another male is involved, preferable someone close down to and trusted by Martin himself. Thus, the betrayal is complete.Martin refuses to ac slamledge the ethical impunity involved in his affairs with college girls, and the in his brazen pursuit and courting of observe Klien. His stopping point to break into her house tells us again that his impulses will bring him no romantic merit, but only add to the tragicomic reality of a middle age well off man looking for bestial adventure but in a society that is already so riddled with misplaced and mismatched relationships, that from each one encounter will fall upon a murkier reality to him. His breaking into Honors house finds her in bed with he r half brother.This can only mean chaos for him. In his infatuation, childlike advances steadily give him a sense of tribulation, and slowly, acceptance. Martin is shown in a hedonistic light, and so are the other characters at different time in the novel. The pursuit of pleasure is seen as worthwhile in itself, though whether it conforms to conventions, or places them in opposition to a strangely rebellious modernity, is where Murdoch toys with the cerebration of a new sexual order to replace what England had answer to be known for throughout the 17th to 19th centuries.At different times, the characters screen to assert that they are independent agents, and by virtue of being so, they mustiness(prenominal) naturally seek pleasure as their objective. Freuds theories of motivation in human nature is a slight variant of this belief, and slowly we com to be acquainted with Freudian ideas, as relationships are confused, partners make parents and love finds formula in incest. Martins tragicomedy is reflected in several instances. For example when he moves out of their comfortable capital of the United Kingdom home, move into a flat, and then moves back to their old residence.It seems as though his attempt to deal with the changes around him find expression in behaviour that he cannot himself explain. It was later that the pain came, a pain unutterably obscure and confused like that induced by some loss in childhood. (Oedipus complex) The familiar world of ways and objects in spite of appearance which I had lived for so long received me no more and our adorable house had put on suddenly the air of a prize antique shop. The things in it no longer cohered together.It was odd that the pain worked first and most immediately through things, as if they had at once become the sad symbols of a loss which in its entirety I could not yet face. (p. 33) Here we get a glimpse of how childhood maturity plays a role in his relationships tied(p) as a 41 yr old adul t with a fine business prospect. The deprivation that Martin claims to have a sense of, qualifies as Freuds notion of the conquest of id, the subconscious, by the ego, conditioning.Martins frantic relocation, his breaking into Honor Kliens home, are all an instance of hysteria, as is his self absorption when he is shown lying in bed with Georgie at the set about of the novel. Such characterization has given critics the impression that Murdoch has adapted this book for the stage. The plot is simple and it is presented straightforwardly. Ethical questions come up in different discourses, but there is the impression at the end of the book that all the characters are flawed, through together, round and flat, in a given space.We as readers, watch them run around in different directions, emotionally, and sometimes come up against each other. To say that the kosher value is whatever gives you pleasure is to say that the proper value is whatever you happen to value. Indeed, people begin to value different things at different times in the novel, and each change in tenderheartedness raises moral questions. The symbol of the separate head, something that greatly fascinates Honor Klien, as a Lecturer of Anthropology, is something that Martin finds himself be plan of attack.A severed head such as stark(a) tribes and old alchemists used to use select it with oil and putting a morsel of gold upon its tongue to make it utter prophecies. He feels his adornment is something near that has been used to beautify a disgusting and decayed object. Toward the end of this novel two of the main characters (Honor Klein & Martin Lynch-Gibbon) are speaking after Martin discovers a mystery about Honor, and she says to him because of what I am and because of what you saw I am a terrible object of fascination for you.I am a severed head such as primitive tribes and old alchemists used to use, anointing it with oil and putting a morsel of gold upon its tongue to make it utter prophe cies. And who knows but that long acquaintance with a severed head might not lead to strange knowledge. For such knowledge one would have paid enough. But that is remote from love and remote from prevalent life. As real people we do not exist for each other. (182) The severed head can also be seen as a symbol of the Castration anxiety.It would be the father who would do the severing, against the sons anxiety to dominate, especially in illicit sexual relations with the mother. In this context, the castration anxiety transmutes into a sort of mangled turnaround situation, when in the randomness of sexual anxiety, complexes are reversed and uncoordinated. Murdoch draws a close report of the other, the victim of the castration, though in this sense it is not so often the protagonists attempt at keeping the terms of association in equilibrium, the thoughtful examination of loss and damage control.The male has been castrated, now he must survive in a world where he had thought that h is emotionally charged liaisons with younger women would give him magnanimity over his nuptial vows. This is the jeering which has been reversed on him, he is the fallen woman, the Lady who has stepped beyond the boundaries, and who must now experience perdition, a cleansing. Honor Klien is also an agency in the plot of the novel. It is her who discloses that liaisons between Georgie, Martin, his brother horse parsley, Antonia and Palmer.Her affecting an introduction between Georgie and Alexander is the final destabilizing factor in Martins life, when he is sure that he has lost Antonia and Honor is beyond his grasp, the his final relationship with Georgie is put to threat. Honor seems like the feminist crusader, in her battle to bring sexual immunity to the women around her, an attitude that can find easy significance by her position as Georgies teacher at Oxford.Antonia easily fits as her aide when Honor goes on to tell her and Palmer about Martins relations with Georgie that he has tried so hard to keep hidden even after he has symbolically broken away from his London mellowed society moorings. Thus, she must act as the agent who forces upon him the task of reflection, gum olibanum reinterpreting his own history and that of the women around him. As Tagore said of each of his feminine characters, particularly of his protagonists, that they must go through the test of fire to be able to prove their existence in a society that demands irresponsible obedience from thinking women.Murdoch, as a female writer coming up in the coffee table age when sexuality was beginning to be openly discussed in the London circles, seems to offer a sympathetic retribution of her male first person characters, to which she has attributed the female gaze. The gaze is an all-important(a) cultural symbol that is seen in Tennysons poem, The Lady of Shallot. The peeress can see the masculine space only through a glass reverberate, while the man sees the lady, only later and in her death, and passes a flippant remark on her glassy countenance. She, in fact, has become the mirror herself.Martin similarly is an embodiment of the emotional turmoil that his class witnessed as a whole, and the failure of on man would go on to symbolize the failure of his entire class. Thus, while a crusader works on some(prenominal) ends of the sexuality debate, one is the pragmatic woman of the 20th century, while the other is the new man confused by changing roles and mores. Murdoch uses other perceptible symbols as well. The weather often corresponds with the moods of her characters. The dense fog over London is symbolic of his trance like inability to not bring his life back on his own terms.His acceptance towards the end of the novel has something of a Stephen Blackpool in him through there is no fatalism to his relationships and the nature of his life. He must struggle, though only with himself, to bring about an external transformation. A severed head is sometimes see n as a satire, or a ludicrous novel, where people and customs are shown in an ironic stance to give us alternating points of view. It is because of this that it is so hard to pass a judgment on any of the characters in the novel. It occupies the grey mass between what we know and whet we are afraid to find out.

Crash Essy

Julius M Dix Professor Gail Lighthipe Writing 106 Section 1 12 November 2013 clangoring Essay Crash is the perfect analogy of how we as a compassionate race deal with conduct, mass and our own experiences. Physical characteristics and racial differences may be interpreted as two distinguishing traits that separate us. I view its what keeps us apart. That leaves some(prenominal) abstract questions that the film Crash illustrates. What are the origins of individual(prenominal) prejudice? Do individuals experience stereotypes? Can people battle immanent struggles within their own ethnic group?What prohibits us from vercoming these prejudices? The writers of the Crash managed to result my viewing experience beyond the 90 minute film, thus forcing me to psychoanalyze my own prejudices and racial stereotypes towards others. I always thought that racism occurred as a result of a persons upbringing. If your parents were racist, there is a good jeopardize that you will be a racis t too. At first glance, languor Dillons character exhibits characteristics typical of this theory. Dillon exhibited a close bond with his sire and later, we experience the roots of his racism.I naively assumed that Dillon as absorbing external cues from his father regarding his attitudes towards black people. It turns out that his father was not racist towards black people. It was Dillon who, in combination with his fathers negative experiences and his own as a member of the LAPD, organize his own perceptions towards blacks. Another example of this occurred at the beginning of the film when the Persian family was attempting to purchase a gun. The clerk at the gun shop make a few blatantly racist comments about the perceptions of the customers. There were several references to the twin owers and planes.It didnt matter that the two were Persian, not Arab. A recurring guinea pig was that post 9/1 1, all Middle Eastern people became potential terrorists. It is amazing that people have the ability to interpret with child(p) events and cast their own prejudices on different ethnic groups to mask their sensation of anger and frustration. Perhaps stereotypes have maintained their prevalence because there are so many people that perpetuate them. It is a great deal believed that all immature black men are destined to be thugs, criminals and drug dealers. to boot it is a common statistic hat the majority of incarcerated males are Afri stinkpot American.As a young black man, it is difficult to break free of that stereotype. Things will never change. That attitude along with the perpetuation of existing stereotypes may be more often than not responsible for negative racial longevity. Ludacris character was one of the most fire to me. Here was this articulate young black man that spent his life stealing cars from white people. Rap music is the music of the oppressor, he said. It is often easier to blame others for your shortcomings than it is to confront them h ead on. On the reverse, rouble facing stereotypes can occur anywhere.They are not simply restricted to skin-tone and neighborhoods. Racial difference transpires through social class as well. This creates division within the similar racial groups. In the film, Cameron was portrayed as a wealthy, black, television actor. He achieved success as a nard working black man, exactly at what cost? Films like Crash are forcing us to visualise outside our own lives and fears, to realize that were more alike than we think. Aside from the 2% genetic differences between us, we all have problems and internal struggles. Thats what makes us human.

Checkpoint Childhood Development and Sexual Behavior

Checkpoint Childhood Development Sexual Behavior 05/06/2012 Psy/265 Christopher gryphon The sexual behaviors found in fetuses and newborns are that male fetuses have erections. twain male and female fetuses will suck on their fingers. In early childhood stimulation of the genitals may produce sensations of pleasure. Early as 8 months of age pelvic thrusting has been observed. Additionally, masturbation has been observed between 6 to 12 months of age. Sleeping with your infant does non affect sexual development. In early childhood statistics in regards to masturbation at ages 3 to 8 is based on perception.Early in childhood children show their interest in the genitals and may role contribute. Same sex sexual act play is more common than in heterosexual play and does not play a role in sexual orientation. In young it has been observed that preadolescents socialize with comparable sex friends and become self-conscious roughly their bodies. Preadolescents primary method of obtai ning orgasm is masturbation. Sex play in preadolescence involves displaying of genitals by both parties involved and can be with or without touching.Preadolescent same sex sexual behavior is short lived and in the main for exploratory purpose. In adolescence the major sexual act is masturbation. Adolescents use smooching as a pathway to obtaining sexual satisfaction without the possibility of maternity or ending their virgin status. Premarital sex has increased by and large in females and very few adolescents report their sexual experience with individuals of the same sex. These encounters have been known to be transitory for the adolescent. Gay adolescents have a much harder time because of stigmatization of society.

Hardware and software Requirements Essay

Floppy dish The standard 3 1/2 floppy saucer is a thin, flexible plastic record coated in metal oxide, enclosed in a smashed plastic casing for protection. A standard high density disc has a stock space of 1. 44 Megabytes. Hard Disks The t every(prenominal) plow used with conventional PCs consists of integrity or to a greater extent disk platters, which be permanently sealed inside a casing. Hard disks countenance a capacity of between 2Gb and 10Gb, though external hard drives can be plugged into the computer to provide extra storehouse space. For large-scale applications storing extensive amounts of data, more hard disks would be used.The disks can be fixed or removable, although the fixed disks be more reliable and create more storage capacity. Data is neckclothd on the concentric tracks, which are split up into sectors. Data is therefore injectd in one of the sectors so that it minimises the movement of the read- pull through heads, thereby minimising access tim e. compact disc read- scarcely memory CD-ROMs can store around 680Mb of data, which is the equivalent of hundreds of floppy disks. CD-ROMs do not transfer data as quickly as the hard disk drive. As the name suggests the disks are read-only memory.Unlike a magnetised disk they are created by burning tiny holes into the surface of the disk, a optical maser beam is then reflected off the surface of the disk, detecting the presence or absence of pits, which re show the binary digits. Worm disks (Write Once, Read Many) These look precise similar to the CD-ROM in appearance but are amber rather than silver in colour. These disks can be used to economise your own material and are ideal for archiving or storing images or data, which volition not be changed. They are popular in the pirate intentness because a i 5 blank disk can store upto i 20 000 worth of package and sell for i50 i 80.They are used by less reputable PC political partys which install the software onto the PC so they can charge the consumer more for the package. However because of the competition in the pirate industry at present many of these carry viruses which can cause chaos on the hard drive. Magneto-optical disks Magneto-optical disks integrate optical and laser technology to enable read and write storage. A 5 1/2 disk can store up to 1 Gb. These disks may in future replace genuine magnetic disks, but at present the technology is still create and the disks are too expensive, slow and unreliable to be in far-flung use.Magnetic tape Magnetic tape was developed in the fifties and very quickly became the primary means of storing data. The data is stored on magnetic tape in the system of dots of magnetism. It is used widely for archiving past transactions or other data that may be needed again, for example, sometime(a) news readings that have been collected over a number of years. Jaz set ab break Two Gigabytes is a tape drive and a mass storage device mainly used for backing up large f iles or batches of files i. e. end of day transaction backup for banks or businesses. packet requirements and techniques packet is the name given to the course of studys that direct the operation of the computer. It can be divided into two main congregations, constitution software and applications software. System software is the programs compulsory to run the computer system and applications software is the programs required to carry knocked out(p) a particular application such as stock subordination Systems software This is the software that the microcomputer system needs to run. In this group there are three divisions operating systems, utilities and compilers/interpreters/assemblers.Operating systems An operating system is a set of programs that allows the user to perform tasks without having to know how they are done. For example, a user can give a command to save a file on disk without having to know where the file go forth be stored or how it result be retrieved agai n. Applications programs are usually scripted to cipher with a particular operating system e. g. Excel will only prepare with Windows and not with Apple Mac, which has a different operating system. public utility company programs Utility programs perform common tasks that every computer user will need at one stage or another.They carry out such jobs as formatting and copying disks, deleting files from disks, sorting information into a required order, and to help with the testing of programs that have been written. Compilers, interpreters and assemblers These are programs that translate the programing language that is used into a form that the computer can understand. Compilers work by translating the whole of the program from what is known as the source program into the object program which will be in a form that the computer can understand.Interpreters are programs that translate and execute source programs one statement at a time. An assembler is a program supplied by the compu ter manufacturer that will translate a program that was written in assembly language (low-level programming language) into machine code. Applications software In large organisations that have a mainframe or minicomputer we would find that programmers were occupied whose job it would be to write the programs for the applications that the organisation wished to have run on the computer, such as payroll, stock keep back or hospital appointments.The software may be designed specifically for one particular company and written especially for them using a programming language or software such as database management system. Alternatively, the software may be purchased off the shelf. General purpose software Most prevalent purpose software is sold as a package, including a CD containing the software. Below is the most common packages that you would find on the market to regard 1. Applications spreadsheets, database, word processing, Desk Top Publishing 2. Presentation CD based presentati ons (Power Point, Director) 3. mesh Publishing web page development software (Front Page, Dreamweaver, Flash) 4. Programming Software BASIC, Visual Basic, C++, Java, Pascal, HTML 5. Creation and Editing Photo Shop, cay Shop Pro, Premier, Coral Draw 6. Utility Anti-virus, tidy and compression, Doctors. The newer computer systems will have these utilities on them already. Software such as word processing, spreadsheet and databases is sometimes refereed to as generic software. This means that many of the packages can be make to do many different tasks, and is not specifically for one slip of application.The other types of application software such as stock control and payroll as mentioned before are special purpose because they have been designed to complete one particular task. Conclusion I show this assignment very interesting and now feel I have a much sounder understanding off computer ironware and software. I would have liked to incorporate more images into the assignment as r eference to each of the products described, but was unable to find all of the images that I required, and also had problems trying to transfer them from the internet.Apart from this I feel quite an satisfied with the overall assignment and hope that I have entered all the data needed and presented it in a clear fashion.Bibliography Corbitt T, (1990), Information engineering science And Its Applications. Avon, United Kingdom can Press Heathcott P M, (2000), A take aim Computing. Ipswich, United Kingdom Payne-Gallway Publishers Ltd References Corbitt T, (1990), Information Technology And Its Applications. Avon, United Kingdom Bath Press Heathcott P M, (2000), A Level Computing. Ipswich, United Kingdom Payne-Gallway Publishers Ltd.

Differences Between the Wartime, Presidential, and Congressional Reconstruction Essay

There are similarities and differences between the state of wartime, chairpersonial, and carnal knowledgeional Reconstruction. Each had a purpose and plan. There was a major difference between the republican professorship and Republican sex act that caused many conflicts.The Wartime Reconstruction actually started during the war. capital of Nebraska in the beginning valued settlement of blacks in countries or something know as repatriation. A major part of this Wartime Reconstruction was the Proclamation of Amnesty. What this did was provide a presidential pardon to all to the southern whites who took an oath of fealty to the Union and accepted abolition of slavery. The only people that were excluded from this were accomplice ex officio and high-ranking forces officers. In states where ten percent of male people took the oath they would be able to reestablish a state government.This polity was carried out in Louisiana, Arkansas, and Tennessee. This Wartime Reconstructi on excessively included capital of Nebraskas Emancipation Proclamation. This freed slaves in the states that were at war with the Union. Both President Lincoln and President Johnson wished to give back land to pardoned ex-Confederates. President Lincoln and Congress were similar in wanting to refute pardons to those who ill-treated or remove captured black and white Union soldiers. They did agree on this matter. While President Lincoln only required ten percent of allegiance from last(prenominal) Confederates, Congress wanted the majority of white men in Confederate states to take the oath of allegiance. Lincoln was assassinated and Andrew Johnson took presidency. He favored jolting punishment for traitors.He issued dickens proclamations without help of Republicans. This was the Presidential Reconstruction. When he issued the two proclamations it caused a division. It covered official pardon for whites except Confederate officials and military officers worth more than twenty th ousand dollars, and he names a provisional government for North Carolina. Only whites with amnesty could vote there. The South was disobedient and none of the state conventions enfranchised a single black. Johnson issued thirteen though sand five hundred Presidential pardons to those he early hoped to keep out. There were many ex-Confederates who were elected to Congress. Also the state legislatures in the south demoted blacks to a second class status, and this was known as the foreboding(a) Codes.These codes states blacks were non allowed to vote, be on juries, testify against whites, could not interracially marry, and it was around unfair in Mississippi and South Carolina. Johnson like Lincoln wanted to restore the Union in as little time as possible. Congress comes in to play in December 1865. The Congress was do up mostly of Republicans and they refused to let past Confederates to take their seats in Congress at this time. This marked the beginning of basis Reconstruction or sometimes known as Congressional Reconstruction.The president and the congress did not agree on many issues. Congress overrode President Johnson on the cultured Rights Act of 1866, The Fourteenth Amendment, and the Freedmens Bureau Bill. The Fourteenth Amendment spelled out rights of both(prenominal) black and white citizens as equal. It prolonged Federal powers for the enforcement of civil rights. States that approved the Fourteenth Amendment were considered reconstructed, and Tennessee did so. President Johnson advised other southern states to oppose doing this. Congress passed many laws to limit President Johnsons powers. They passed the Reconstruction Acts of 1867 which set refreshing procedures for readmission to the Union. Johnson did not agree with this act and resisted it. When President Johnson removed Edwin M. Stanton from the head of the War Departments Republicans were very upset. They charged Johnson with the Tenure of Office Act and Johnson was impeached. After President Johnsons impeachment, the Fifteenth Amendment, which prohibited states from denying vote based on color, was ratified.This Radical Reconstruction was successful in passing the Thirteenth, Fourteenth, and Fifteen Amendments. Congress also wanted married law affirmed in the South for the expiration of Reconstruction and they wanted to discipline ex-Confederates. President Lincoln and Congress did not agree with how many pardons President Johnson gave out. The Wartime Reconstruction, Radical or Congressional Reconstruction, and the Presidential Reconstruction all had their similarities and differences. Each was designed by someone unlike and had a specific plan and goal in mind. The differences between the president and congress caused many splits and problems. The Radical Reconstruction was most successful in my opinion.

Alexander the Great vs Napoleon Bonaparte, What I Got so Far

When we think of horse parsley the long, we think of an swell war hero. When we think of pile Bonaparte, we think, again, of an outstanding war hero. If a hit-or-miss person were asked who either of these rulers was, their first response would be a item about war. Alexander and short sleep share similarities in their warfare, and how they used it to quash and establish new lands. Alexander the massives strong diligence and incredible battle strategies led to increase his power over his empire. pile used his intelligence and skill of manipulation to earn respect and donjon from the cut people, which gained him great power.Both men had similar qualities attaining leadership but their strategies to sieve this were very different. Alexander the salient was queen of Macedon, a state dictated in Northern Greece. Aristotle tutored him until the age of 16, and by the age of 30 he had created one(a) of the largest empires in the ancient world. As he was un thwarted in battle, Alexander is considered as one of historys most happy military commanders and his battles and strategies are still taught at military schools worldwide. Alexander tether of Macedon, commonly known as Alexander the Great, was born on a bright July day in 356 B.C. and died in June of 323 B. C. During his lifetime he was King of Macedonia (336-323), Pharaoh of Egypt (332-323), King of Persia (330-323), and the King of Asia (331-323). From reading that alone, it is known that he was a conqueror and successful ruler. Alexander was the son of his predecessor Phillip II who passed away in 336 B. C. leaving the throne, a strong kingdom, and a very experienced armament to Alexander. Alexander was awarded to be general of Greece and went on to complete his fathers military expansion plans. With this set up now, King Alexander boney no time.In 334 B. C. he invaded the Iranian-ruled Asia Minor and began a campaign lasting somewhat ten days. During this campaign, specifically the battles o f Issus and Gaugamela, Alexander had broken the powers of Persia. Alexander the Great went on to overthrow King Darius III to conquer the entirety of the Persian Empire and now has a kingdom that reigns from the Adriatic Sea to the Indus River. That wasnt adequacy for King Alexander he wanted to reach the ends of the world and the Great Outer Sea. With this, he set off to invade India in 326 B. C. but was orced to turn around at the expense of his troops. Alexander the Great died in Babylon in 323 B. C. in years following his death legion(predicate) civil wars broke out and tore apart his empire. Many years later, in a galaxy far far away, on the realize of August 15, 1769 another war hero and emperor was born, catnap Bonaparte. nap reigned over the French from May 18, 1804 to April 11, 1814 and ruled Italy over the years from knock against 17, 1805 to April 11, 1814. Napoleon I, Emperor of the French, set up Napoleonic Code it was a major influence in civil law jurisdictions. Napoleon is best recognised for his role in the wars against France, known as the Napoleonic Wars. His success in these multiple battles led Napoleon to be known as one of the best military leaders of all time. His strategies and campaigns are studied at military schools around the world. Napoleon Bonaparte was born into a family of portentous Italian ancestry. Napoleon settled in Corsica in the 16th century and later was trained as an artillery officer at a prestigious military school in France, where they most likely talked of Alexander the Greats military conquests and strategies.In 1799, Napoleon staged a coup detat and made himself first consul. 5 years later the French proclaimed him emperor where he engaged in a serial of battles, as said before these were known as the Napoleonic Wars. These wars regard every major power in Europe after Napoleons many victories France maintained a dominant position of warrant amongst the continent of Europe. In 1812, the French invasion of Russia and the Peninsula War were turning points in Napoleons career. Napoleons army was heavily alter nor ever fully recovered.Just a year later, the 6th Coalition defeated what was left of Napoleons army and further invaded France, forced Napoleon to give up the throne, and exiled him to the island Elba. After a year of being exiled, Napoleon escaped from Elba and returned to France where he gained back control. It was only for a short plosive speech sound of time, until he was defeated at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. He worn out(p) the last four years of his life in confinement on another island, Saint Helena, where he died of stomach cancer.

Subculture

Cortland Bolling Branham SOCI 1301 In the article Authenticity in the skateboard World, sub farming is described as a completely separate culture with its own set of values and norms outside those of the worlds society. Skaters potbelly be described as one of these subcultures because of their unique values, norms, and sanctions that differ from close to sports. Un worry sports such as basketball the norm for skaters is their lack of occupy in competition and trying to out due each other.According to Beal and Weidman the skate community follows two central values, participant control and the devaluing of competition some(prenominal) skaters explain that they chose to skate, and that they choose individually whats acceptable. After interviewing more skaters the authors notice that like other cultures they also have their own sanctions. One pattern is that many of the skaters that are in it to look cool, or to be dampen than everyone else are looked down upon as not being real skaters, however instead conformist.While sports are a common spot for subcultures, they are not the only place they can be found and in item most people belong to one. For example I am a member of a Baptist church. While it is true that Baptist are Christians just like Methodist and Catholics, we have our own sub subculture or set of values, norms, and sanctions that somewhat differ from the other Christian churches. In a Baptist church evaluate and worship is often very loud and up beat trance at a Lutheran church they remain quiet unless speak too and sing old hymns, so being loud would be considered rude and vulgar.

Regulating Food Advertising and Freedom of Speech

Essay 2, Summary and Response Regulating food for thought Advertising and granting immunity of Speech Perspectives on Advertising and Children Summary As the causation of expression Regulating Food Advertising to Children, Margo G. Wootan proposes, Responsible feed merchandising to children must(prenominal) address non only how fare is marketed entirely also which foods argon marketed to kids (334). She believes that even in the absence of government control there should be or so guideline for food marketing to act responsibly and not encour get along children to eat foods that atomic number 18 harmful to their health and well-being.Because of the increasing ordinate of puerility obesity in the United States, the author suggests a via media approach between marketing techniques and comestibleary criteria to be met for children up to the hop on of eighteen (333). Food marketing is extremely influential in childrens food choices since it attracts their attention with the appeal of contests, prizes, cartoon characters, and their celebrity icons.Although parents are a huge accountability for the food their children eat, Wootan believes its rather difficult for parents to argue with what marketing advertises as effectual as opposed to what parents consider is healthy for their children (333). The author suggests marketing being consistent with the Dietary Guidelines for Ameri lowlifes with the reduction of calories, sodium, bully sugars, and saturated and trans fats in order to support not overeating with honest portion sizes directly and indirectly.Also, to stop and prevent unhealthy eating habits, food marketing should redesign products to improve their nutritional quality, including adding more fruits, vegetables, and whole grains presented in homes as well as school environments (335). As Wootan states, The marketing of products that whitethorn not be nutrition whollyy ideal but provide near positive nutritional benefit and that could help children meet the Dietary Guidelines for Americans is the net compromise that benefits both food marketing and the health of todays children (334).In Advertising and Freedom of Speech Beware of the Food Nanny, author Robert Liodice justifies the grandeur of free speech by saying, Trampling on the First Amendment, whether through with(predicate) government controls or unsupported self-regulatory edicts, should not even be on anyones radar screen as a way to adjudicate problems. Liodice believes CSPI overlooks a wide variety of factors beyond marketing that influence childhood food consumption (336). He thinks the guidelines on nutrition and marketing are so restrictive that its supported by flawed data and omit the significant, positive improvements food and marketing industries are taking.For example, the marketing exertion established the Childrens Advertising Review Unit (CARU), which screens material that whitethorn be misleading and receives comments and concerns from th e in the public eye(predicate) for the past thirty years (336). The author states CSPI mentioned a claim that marketing targeted at kids has doubled in the depart ten years, but neglects to explain food ads seen by children under the age of twelve declined by 13% in the last four years.Liodice insinuates CSPIs narrow focus solely on food marketing misguides the public when other factors come into play because there is no simple or quick answer to this multifaceted challenge, as the Surgeon General cogitate (337). Response Based on both arguments on food marketing aimed towards children and freedom of speech, I understand where each author is coming from and I agree with both to rough extent. Wootans article makes a sound point that there are many factors that scratch food choices, but food choices are mainly influential by persuasive and dinky food marketing.Companies have extensive expertise and efficient skills to lure children into deficient a line of products that may no t be as nutritional but is portrayed as desirable. I also agree that some of Wootans claims are invalid due to the lack of details and license compared to Liodices more specified examples and statistics on food marketing and their effectiveness. Because food marketing is Wootans only topic of debate, she disregards the other many factors that affect food choices by not elaborating upon them.For example, American consumers have full experience of the importance of personal and parental responsibility, public education, dietary balance and moderation, and of course, tangible activity yet Wootan only focuses on the negatives of food marketing when all these factors are just as imperative in addressing the issues of childhood nutrition and obesity. In my opinion, Robert Liodice is correct in advocating free speech to be the butt of choice and personal responsibility.Everyone has a right their own opinion, however, I adoptt see the problem with the help of government control for som e guidance with the public in order to educate them of a better lifestyle. With a set of guidelines, it will help set a meter for people to follow. Marketing and advertising cannot persuade everyone to eat healthier because they can only do so much to expose people of the advantages and benefits of a nutritional dietthat is if people even pay attention to food advertisement.Healthy eating habits will all boil down to the individual decision making whether or not to put nutritional food in their mouth. whole works Cited Wootan, Margo G. Regulating Food Advertising to Children. Think Critical Thinking andLogic Skills for passing(a) Life. 2nd ed. Ed. Judith A. Boss. New York McGraw-Hill,2012. 333-335. Print. Liodice, Robert. Advertising and Freedom of Speech Beware of the Food Nanny. ThinkCritical Thinking and Logic Skills for Everyday Life. 2nd ed. Ed. Judith A. Boss. NewYork McGraw-Hill, 2012. 335-337. Print.

Sons and Lover Themess

Oedipus abstruse The idea of the Oedipus mazy is derived from the subtitle of King Oedipus of Thebes in ancient Greece. Oedipus unknowingly killed his father and married his mother. He begot two give-and-takes and two daughters from her. Freud, a German psychologist, used the term Oedipus Complex to signify the manifestation of the sexual desire of the child for the p arnt of the setback sex i. e. sexual desire of the son for mother and conflict with father.Websters Dictionary explain the Oedipus Complex as the unconscious tendency of a child to be link to the parent of the opposite sex and belligerent towards the other parent its persistence in adult lifetime results in neurotic disorders . Thus the sons in his every infancy is sexually attached to the mother. At the same time there is corresponding hatred of the father. The son when he is excessively attached too the mother develops the Oedipus Complex and suffers from mother- fastener. Sons and Lovers is the setoff Fr eudian fable in the English literature.The Oedipus Complex is the centralized theme of the novel, It covers a large space and is a dominant factor in the novel. capital of Minnesota is too much excitedly attached to his mother, Mrs. Morel and suffers from mother-fixation and mother look-alike often pops up to stand between him and the objects of his bop (Miriam and Clara ). The Oedipus Complex has been astray diffused over the canvas of the novel. Lawrence and Oedipus Complex- It is a fact that Lawrence is suffered from the Oedipus Complex in his life. He was a victim of deep rooted mother fixation .His mother Lydia Lawrence had a very strong hold on him. He also crawl in his mother passionately like a lover. The mother was dissatisfied in her labor union and took great care of the son. The Son organism sickly and weak depended on her and she gave him warmth of life, inspiration and love. Owing to it he was never able to establish a happy emotional family race with other w omen. He was a torture soul throughout his life and his suffering, his observation reflected in Sons and Lovers Oedipus Complex in Sons and Lovers William and his Mother In the novel the unhappy married life of Lawrence s parents is reflected in the ill-matched and unhappy marriage between Walter Morel, a miner and Gertrude Morel, an educated and cultured lady. After the hand over of the first son William, Mrs. Morel begins to alienate and hate her husband. As William grows up he also begins to hate his father at the instance of his mother. Mrs. Morel is frustrated in her marriage and seeks emotional fulfillment in the son William. William is handsome and a number of girls come to see him. The mother is possessive and does not compulsion her son to make friendship with girls.She become jealous of them. She cannot tolerate William s girlfriend Gyp and criticizes her. William is torn between his attachment for his mother and love for his beloved. capital of Minnesota and his Moth er After Williams s final stage his place is taken by the second son, Paul wjo has already taken his fathers place in the mothers heart. The relationship between Paul and his mother runs throughout the novel. All other relationships are brought into contact with it and are subordinate to it. It is the central expression of the theme of the novel. Everything is ultimately referred to this mother-son relationship.Paul and his Father The Oedipus Complex leads to the envy of the father. Mrs. Morel mercilessly casts off her husband. The mother encourages her son to hate his father. Paul looks upon his father as his rival in his monopoly over his mothers love. As a result, there develops a feeling of hatred and repulsion between father and the son. Paul, Miriam and Clara Pauls unhealthy and abnormal relationship with his mother results in his failure to establish normal sexual and emotional relationship with other women. He fails in his relationship with Miriam and Clara mainly beca use of his love for his mother.The mother-fixation in him is so strong that he cannot give himself freely and amply to Miriam. The Oedipus Complex in him has weakened him emotionally. He is glued to his mother spiritually and emotionally, if not sexually. Paul always seeks mother image in his woman. Clara is patently rejected because he fails to find in her the mother-image. Miriam is only spiritual reserve of the mother. So being dissatisfied with both Miriam and Clara, he clings on to his mother. Mrs. Morel, You seaportt met the business woman. Paul replies, And I shall never meet the right woman while you live. Paul stands in the web of the Freudian analysis as a fly and the mother, Mrs. Morel plays a spider, always praying upon him. Her affection is hardly a mask. There are sinister forces underneath and these are the human race of the Oedipus Complex. Even in the death of the mother there is no anaesthetise for Paul. He will be haunted by her soul for ever. In the end Paul severs his connection both with Miriam and Clara and becomes indifferent to life and death alike. Thus the Oedipus Complex in the guise of mother-fixation is responsible for the other cataclysm of Paul

A Woman’s Voice: the Poems of Sappho of Lesbos

A Womans Voice The Poems of Sappho of Lesbos(6th deoxycytidine monophosphate B. C. ) Sappho Translated by Stanley Lombardo Alley Miller- HIS 100 Mid-Term Exam Essay Sappho of Lesbos lived in a cartridge clip in Greece where we have very little record of egg-producing(prenominal) accomplishments. Her poetry tranced stylistic poetry of the time and drop be compared in composition and style to Elizabeth Barrett Browning or Richard Brautigan of a more mod era.Perhaps, what may be most notable about Sappho is that not except did her work influence poets much later, but they were widely revered end-to-end the ancient world, even when umteen more modern pistillate poets were looked down on with distain. One must ask, composition reviewing her work what can we learn about Sapphos life, the historical context in which she lived, andthe influence of her status as a woman from her poetry? Many poets by means of history have concealed their true sexual identity to contact a status of acceptance in the greater population, but there is no indication in Sapphos poems that would lead us to swear she made a similar choice. In addition, other than the possible inclinations toward an leader toward other women, her poetry is vastly conforming to the feminine idea. She did not disturb to tegument her sexuality or her gender. This speaks to the reader that, perhaps, ancient Greece was widely great(p) views of sexuality. Obvious reference to fe staminate-female affection, yet still openly accepted by her peers.This affection did not conform to the heterosexual intent stereotype that many same sex relationshipsdepicted by other sources conform to. This heterosexual role idea usually dictates that no matter the gender of two lovers wholeness must adhere to the masculine role while the other to the feminine. In Sapphos poetry we do not see this. Throughout, her poetry she focuses largely on women, referring to Aphrodite, a female lover, the women that surround soldiers, and Helen of Troy. She describes each as having feminine qualities with beauty, gentility, and fragility.However, she still describes herself with the same qualities and even humbles herself by begging the god Aphrodite and bolsters male dominance in Poem 20 by referring to the man that seems to be in possession of her lover as just like a god. This phrase and this poem as a whole presage that, while homosexual relationships may be accepted, one must lastly put a heterosexual one first. The poet did not fight to hide her gender and wrote in a very soft, feminine way. She did not extend a feeling of dominance or toughness, but rather a soft, sweet, almost timid, connotation.Even when speaking of wars, she does it with certain subtleness thatsuggests beauty braiding in images like delicate, gliding, flutes melody, and think on the sweet senses. Sappho was A Womans Voice in a time where most other womens voices were blotted out. She was praised even during her time, while some similar modern poets were forced to conceal for success. This says something about the time in which she lived that while it was undoubtedly male dominated there must have been some level of female acceptance and worth.

“The Secret Life of Bees” Literary Analysis Essay

Inevit satisfactory combats with parents happen frequently in the lives of more a nonher(prenominal) adolescents. In the novel The Secret Life of Bees, a young female child named Lily Owens runs away from groundwork, leaving her abusive give behind, on a prevail for more connections to her dead mother, Deborah. Kidd places obstacles of parental booking for Lily through and throughout her whole novel. Lily battles with the familiar conflict of the know leadge that she killed her proclaim mother and the struggle in determination out the truth.The sources of her conflict with her dead mother include the entropy she receives from dire and T. Ray, her sense of whimsey unwanted, and her longing to experience love of a family. work on Monk Kidd uses this conflict to evidence that during Lilys strife to oercome her conflicts she plays herself and realizes that she already has a complete family. Kidd does this to relay a content to the reviewers so that they whitethorn unders tand that the mother Lily searched for lay within of her after all and she is able to grow her receive power, proving the strength in women.In The Secret Life of Bees, Kidd uses the information Lily receives from her father T. Ray and August to create and further fuel the conflict between Lily and Deborah so that the reader understands the strength in the unity and in addition individuality of women. The conflict begins when Lily discovers from T. Ray that she was the one to kill her mother by accidently shooting her (Kidd 18-19). She later learns from T. Ray that Deborah had ran away, leaving Lily, and had tho come buns for her things and not her daughter when she had shot her (Kidd 39). During the novel, Lily keeps a strong distaste for her father and does not believe him when he tells her this.However, Lily does begin to feel worthless and as if she were a horrible child as the idea of her killing her own mother grows on her. She then learns the truth after she runs away fr om home and finds a family of women who knew Deborah, including a woman named August. Throughout the novel, Lily builds a strong trammel with August and trusts her when she tells her that her mother ran away from Lily and T. Ray and left her, but had returned to redeem her when she was killed. Kidd uses Lilys knowledge of her mother to provide Lily with a reason to execrate her mother after having such(prenominal) a perfect image of her. However, Lily overcomes this conflict by finding her place with her newfamily of strong women that teach her to remain and listen to the mother inside her.Kidd also uses Lilys weakness of feeling unwanted to prove that her parental conflict with her mother before she died had moved(p) Lily long-term, yet left her with women that taught her to stand strong. When Lily learns that her mother became pregnant with her and was forced to adopt T. Ray unhappily, she realized that her mother had not wanted her. Kidd writes as the intellect of Lily How dare she? How dare she leave me? I was her child? (Kidd 259). This pass into Lilys thoughts gives the reader the idea that even years after her mothers mistake of leaving, she had been scarred.Lilys fire of aversion toward her deceased mother is provide by the thought that she was an unwanted child by her mother, as nearly as her abusive father, T. Ray. Kidd provides this adversity for Lily throughout her novel to offer a comfort for Lily by the end of the book from the Daughters of Mary so that the reader understands the strong bond between powerful women. Lily finally finds clarity and realizes that she is not unwanted by her stand-in mothers.Sue Monk Kidd also uses Lilys longing for a family connection and love from the people surrounding her to show that when women come together to heal each others wounds, such as Lilys drawn out conflict with her mother, they can create a true sanctuary of a loving family. In the novel, Lily believes the only way to feel a mothers love comes from her biologic mother, which again created the conflict between Lily and Deborah. Lily longs for this love because she has never experienced it, and she has unbroken false hope in her mothers love until the solving of the novel. However, she overlooks the women she is with daily that have devoted themselves to helping her cope with her conflicts.By the end of the novel, Kidd gives Lily the actualization that she has had a family that loves her unconditionally the whole time she was searching for one. This is proven through the last sentence of the novel, quoted I have more mothers than any octonary girls off the street. They are the moons shining over me(By saying this, Lily shows her appreciation for her ten-fold mothers and her new family for guiding her and helping her overcome all of the differences in her life, as well as the horrible, yet teachable, conflict with her dead mother.In conclusion, Kidd wants her readers to find the message of determination and pressing on to focus on the voice inside of oneself through Lilys story. Parental conflicts occur daily in many teen lives but rarely do they scar them as Lily Owens did. Although the deleterious information she was fed, her sensitivity to feeling unwanted, and her lack of experiencing a loving family led to a conflict with her idea of her dead mother that was built over time, Lilys ability to overcome her past was aided by women that taught her to find the power inside of her.Her conflicts guide her to new places where she can become her own and mature into a strong woman. She found her home, her family, and herself by conquering her battles and go on, which relates to Kidds intention of her novel Only the factors determination and perseverance on ones own shape ones path, not the conflicts of his/her past.

Arithmetic progression Essay

1. What is the sum of the nonrepresentational place 8, 16, 32 if there are 15 marges? (1 point)= 8 (-2)15 -1 / (-2)-1= 873842. What is the sum of the geometric sequence 4, 12, 36 if there are 9 terms? (1 point)= 4(39 1)/(3 1)= 393643. What is the sum of a 6-term geometric sequence if the first term is 11, the last term is 11,264 and the greenness ratio is 4? (1 point)= -11 (1-(-4n))/(1-(-4))= 11(1-(-11264/11))/(1-(-4))= 22554. What is the sum of an 8-term geometric sequence if the first term is 10 and the last term is 781,250? (1 point)=8 (1-390625)/(1-5)=781,248For hassles 5 8, determine whether the problem should be fermentd using the formula for an arithmetic sequence, arithmetic series, geometric sequence, or geometric series. Explain your answer in complete sentences. You do not need to solve. 5. Jackie deposited $5 into a checking depict in February. For for each one month following, the deposit amount was doubled. How much money was deposited in the checking accoun t in the month of August? (1 point)To solve this, a geometric sequence is riding habitd because the terms share a constant ratio as 2.6. A local grocery store stacks the soup cans in such a way that each row has 2 fewer cans than the row below it. If there are 32 cans on the shtup row, how many total cans are on the bottom 14 rows? (1 point)To solve you use a formula for an arithmetic series because for every row, the issuing of cans keep decreasing.7. A major US city key outs a 12% increase in laurel wreath sales during the yearly holiday season. If decoration sales were 8 million in 1998, how much did the city report in total decoration sales by the end of 2004?(1 point)You would use a geometric series formula because the increase will be different each year because the percentage increase affects the outcome of the adjoining years by a common ratio.8. A fireplace contains 46 bricks along its bottom row. If each row above decreases by 4 bricks, how many bricks are on the 12th row? (1 point) To solve you shit to use the formula for an arithmetic sequence because the amount of decrease trunk the same and the ratio between the set of numbers stays the same.9. use complete sentences, explain the difference between an exponential function and a geometric series.(2 points) An exponential function is continuous. A geometric series is discrete.

Life Cycles, Standards and Best Practices Life Cycles Essay

This paper exiting outline the organisations training life cycle as it pertains to both the development of a usance application and the selection of proprietary systems. The major types and classifications of health c be discipline standards and specific geological formations that develop and regulate standards will be explained. The choose for auspices schooling systems will be revealed and the methods to accomplish guarantor of these systems will be addressed. Three best practices for effective IT alignment and strategic readying will be outlined. streak head carriage motorbikes, Standards and shell Practices 3 verbal description of Systems Development life hertz as it Pertains to Both the Development of a Custom Application and the Selection of Proprietary SystemsThe Systems Development life-sustainingity Cycle (SDLC), is a six look project development demonstrate that was designed to economic aid the development team develop the end product. The players invo lved are the users, systems analysts, programmers and technical specialists (Systems Development liveliness Cycle (SDLC), 2006-2013).In the first meter of the Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), an examination of the economic, technical, behavioral or musical arrangemental aspect of the business is reviewed. A determination will be make as to what needs to be d ane during this step (Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), 2006-2013).In the second step, the physical composition examines some(prenominal) identified problems that need to be corrected. Proposals whitethorn be drafted outlining the solutions that essential be satisfied. The third step identifies how the system will accomplish the tasks. The physical and logical designs come unitedly in this step of the process the com coiffeer hardware is joined with the conversation and hostage issues (Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), 2006-2013).In the forth step, the revolutionary system is actu all(a)y developed. O nce all the demand components are certain and programs installed, indeed all the users of in the buff system moldiness now be trained. Once the system is up and running and users are using and worthy acclimated to the new system, the systems performance must excessively be tested. Adjustments will be made accordingly and respectively (Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), 2006-2013).During the fifth step, the system is now being employ. Either the superannuated system is going to be close up down completely and the new system used immediately, or the new will be utilize hurry head Life Cycles, Standards and ruff Practices 4 and the old system will be gradually phased out (Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), 2006-2013).During the sixth step, the system has been in operation for a while and has been evaluated legion(predicate) times oer. It is important that the users are kept in the loop regarding any changes to the system (Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), 2006 -2013).After the six steps have been completed and accomplished, the system must go on, at that placefore, it is important to attention the system accordingly ensuring updates, are being done, new features installed properly and debugging when requirement (Systems Development Life Cycle (SDLC), 2006-2013).Description of Major Types and Classifications of Health address Information Standards and the Specific Organizations That Regulate These Standards The Standards Development Process consists of four methods Ad hoc, De facto, Government mandate and Consensus. ISO (International Organization for Standardization) is and organization that oversees the flow of documentation and the outside(a) approval of standards developed by its members. The members of the organization hale from many dissimilar countries. ANSI (Ameri offer Nation Standards Institute) is the United States body of the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). ANSI (Ameri stooge Nation Standards Instit ute) as say is the United States body of the ISO (International Organization for Standardization). The ANI (American Nation StandardsRunning head Life Cycles, Standards and Best Practices 5 Institute) oversees the work of SDO (Standards Development Organization) and publishes the SDO (Standards Development Organization) standards. SDO (Standards Development Organization) must be accredited by the ANSI (American Nation Standards Institute) and must follow nonindulgent guidelines to develop standards within the ANSI (American Nation Standards Institute) criteria. in that location are well over two hundred fifty SDOs (Standards Development Organization) which represent many industries to let in health care. It is noneworthy to point out that recently within the concluding ten years, the IT industry has moved away from the ceremonious process of development standards through the SDO (Standards Development Organization). The route that IT is taking is a less formal approach.The Li nux is an example of IT establishing a standard with little formal input (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009). There are many types of vocabularies and to date there is still no one single vocabulary. Common coding and classifications systems allow ICD-9, CPT and DRGs. The International Classification of Diseases, ordinal Revision (ICD-9) is used in the United States for the purpose of coding diseases and procedures. The national government publishes an update each year and it can be used by virtually everyone. It is also noteworthy that many companies also publish the International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision (ICD-9), creating a more easy version.Initially it was created to compare illness and death all over the foundation but then it took a role in hospital reimbursement (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009). up-to-date procedural Terminology (CPT), introduced in 1966, is published and updated each year by the American Medical Association (AMA). Originally the sure procedura l Running head Life Cycles, Standards and Best Practices 6 Terminology (CPT) was used in the medical field as a source for uniform row to describe any type of medical and surgical serve. Currently the Current procedural Terminology (CPT) is being used as standard for reimbursement services in doctors offices, facilities offering outpatient services and also ambulant care (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009).Diagnosis related Groups (DRG) are used for insurance purposes for find out inpatient reimbursements. The Diagnosis related Groups (DRG) is a classification scheme that fundamentally identifies the types of patients a hospital treats in relation to what said treatment salute the hospital. Diagnosis related Groups (DRG) are divided into twenty major systems and then they are further subdivided into over five hundred subdivisions the Medicare reimbursement (Diagnosis-related separate (DRG), 2013). talk astir(predicate) the Need for, and Identify Methods of, Accomplishing the Securit y of Information SystemsThreats the health care information systems come in many forms, much(prenominal) as technology malfunctions and tampering. homo nature, which we have no control over, can also cause threats to security information systems in the form of floods, fires or power outages (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009).Whether the threats are caused by internal, external, intentional or unintentional factors, the organization has to safeguard itself from all types of threats. inner threats can be caused by employees logging on to inappropriate websites. external threats can be caused by someone outside the partnership such as a hacker. Intentional threats can be caused by an employee who was terminated. Because of the termination, the employee may sabotage documents, files or the hardware on the estimator itself. For this reason, employers do not allow employees to return to Running head Life Cycles, Standards and Best Practices 7 the work sphere after they have been terminat ed. If the employee is permitted to return, it is with a security policeman and then only long enough to collect personal effects. other more serious example of an intentional threat is computer viruses.They can pose serious damage to patient information (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009). Unintentional threats are also very serious and these are the threats that occur when the employee logs on to a website or checks his personal electronic mail from work and that website attaches a virus. Computer viruses as stated above are considered intentional, but in this respect, I call back that the employee is not thinking about viruses when he or she is checking personal email or going on websites such as Facebook, but the virus can be critical to the organization. For this reason, closely employers have the employee sign an cursing stating that the employee views and agrees with the organizations policies about computer and even phone use.The necessity for a security information system i s a must as this can be vital to the supremacy of the organization. The organizations information must be protected. The company needs to underwrite that there is no unauthorized revealing of classified information. In order to do this, the organization must put administrative, physical and technical safeguards in place (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009).Administrative safeguards come in the form of risk analysis which is an eight part process designed to identify risks and threats that can cause vulnerability in any area within the organization. Risk analysis is quite new to the healthcare industry. It has also established policies and procedures and specific consequences for all employees that do not adhere to these policies and procedures (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009).Running head Life Cycles, Standards and Best Practices 8 Physical safeguards are necessary to protect all equipment and computer hardware and software. Certain employees may be assigned to specific duties to ensure the safeguard of computers and workstations (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009).Technical safeguards are vital as the organization must protect patient information. It is important for employees not to share passwords. All computers must be logged off or shut down appropriately after use. The organization should do audits often to ensure the safeguard of data and files. The lucre is used commonly in all organizations. In an effort to further safeguard the organization, firewalls are built amid the organizations network used in house and the internet (Wager, Lee, & Glaser, 2009). One of the most common problems with computers in general is viruses. Virus can come in many forms and can be fatally destructive.The most typical type of virus is the worm which can come in the form of an email. The unsuspecting person free-spokens the email the worm stores itself on the computer and then starts to duplicate itself over and over again. This type of email unremarkably is mass produced to many email addresses and each person may be subject to this virus. This is why people are encouraged not to open suspicious aspect email or email from unknown parties. To help prevent becoming victim to such viruses, antivirus software is recommended. Create at Least Three (3) Best Practices for Effective IT Alignment and strategic readyingIn an effort to reach the goal of IT alignment and strategic planning, there must be a sound kin between what IT practice will cost and the organizations goals. Both the alignment and the organizations strategy must be understood by the organization and both meet the organizational needs.Running head Life Cycles, Standards and Best Practices 9 The three best practices for effective IT alignment and strategic planning I found that will be suffice in creating the relationship between IT and the organizations goals are diversity within the groups, looking at the big picture and open dialogue among senior charge of all levels.In order to achieve the set goa ls, the organization must realize that excluding areas in the organization may be harmful to the success and some people may feel slighted. This is why it is imperative for the company to include people from all areas of the company. Those people included in the group should also include all types of managers from lower level management all the way up to senior an executive managers. Including all types of managers provides the diversity among the group. They understand the day to day operations of the organization and each area, each trough can bring something viable to the table (Strategic Communications, 2010).No one should be stifled. Everyone should have a voice. This open dialogue should be encouraged and it should be understood from the beginning that no one is there to criticize and because there is diversity among the group, there will be times that something is said that may not set well with another department or maybe a manager. It should be understood that all dialogue should be constructive. Strategic planning is not an easy task and everyone should realize that it is for the betterment of the organization that everyone works together in an effort to accomplish the goal (Strategic Communications, 2010).Everyone in the organiztion must keep their eyes on the big picture. The organizations misison, vision and values must be kept in the fountainhead of everyones mind. During the strategic planning process, there will debates as everyone will not agree, but it is important for the goup to Running head Life Cycles, Standards and Best Practices 10 remember why they are holding the planning process and also what goal they are attempting to achieve.In summary, the organization must include all the key players, but it must not forget about the key stakeholders. The key stakeholders are those people that will be supercharged with implementation of the plan. The orgaziniation may also find it beneficial to give these stakeholders a voice along the way as well. With open dialogue, management at all levels and a sound plan, the organization will most credibly stay on the path to success.