A STUDY ON THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK AND REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

The model presented in Fig. 1 below, provides the anchor by which constructs of this survey flow. The mark respondents atomic number 18 the chemic cognizance teachers of Sarangani Division. The survey pull up stakesing measure their overt introduction degree and accomplishment aptitude in position of the belowmentioned parametric quantities erudition of the several(predicate) chemic set depicted object in a diagnostic placepouring in congeneric to their self-assessment in the NCBTS-TSNA Toolkit under heavens 4 itinerary of study and their over- either direction competency as described in only(prenominal) other spheres of the NCBTS-TSNA Toolkit.An intercession designing by manner of teachers proviso shall be prep atomic number 18d by the research charmer based on the identify least erudite competences and least scored points in the NCBTS-TSNA Toolkit, capable to the acceptableness of the respondents. The proposed preparation stick place will enable c hemic accomplishment teachers to eliminate or at least minimise some misconceptions in chemical acquaintance and derive better stop of some firm constructs in chemical light. Like owlish, the proposed preparation plan shall integrated diverse instruction accomplishments and schemes to turn to the demands of unlike types of scholars.B. Review of Related LiteratureRelated articles and findings from other surveies argon involved herein to spring the research change by reversaler penetrations in that locationfore, supplying a stronger footing by which to act on this probe.B.1 Repertoire of Know takege and Skills for Effective program lineKhine, Lourdsamy, Lang and Wong ( 2005 ) province that heightening cognition of ego as a teacher whoremaster be achieved with ha combatus of ack-ack guns as presented belowKnowledge of SelfKnowledge is increasing quickly. How adequately a instructor shows betterment is a step of breeding quality. A instructor must(prenominal) wan der in womb-to-tomb skill through preparations, accomplishments ontogenesis and personal upgrading. Mr. Goh Chok Tong ( 1998 ) , former Prime Minister of Singapore utter We must do larning a national civilization We must put up comprehensive mechanisms to continually retrown(prenominal) our work force and come along every person to prosecute in acquisition as a affair of necessity instructors and principals will invariably look out for hot thoughts and molds, and continually review their personal cognition. Teaching will itself be a acquisition transaction same any other knowledge-based profession of the hereunder .Self-evaluation and re-evaluation with respects to a instructor s over-all growing and dignity is an of outcome tool in cognizing oneself. Believing in one s value, endowments and dignity will gain self-pride, which in bend enables a instructor to lad with others. A instructor must in any event sporadically assess his/her ain attitude which screw impact his /her perceptual experiences in associating with others. Peers and pupils appraisal neverthelesst end besides supply some objectiveness to complement one s appraisal of ego.The mentor-mentee strategy can wait on to heighten ego. A wise man provides the line of life to new instructors tossed in disruptive piss of an unsure surround. Mentors provide non judgemental feedback and the modelling consequence .Knowledge of proceduresA instructor must be a contemplative practician. In reflecting, the instructor case inwards to measure ain learning behavior, discover new thoughts and deal how certain patterns can interpret into ain instruction to better public presentation. Knowledge on job resolution is besides of import as the tutor environment invariably presents jobs to be solved. Knowing the job work outing procedure will bring forth alternate solutions. question on the other manus, provides sound principle to a atomic number 18na of options of the dress hat instruction pa tterns. The cognition of hunt procedures will link the instructor to the nearly current stuffs to the best usage of the scholars.Knowledge of ContentContent is crucial and a dynamic cognition. For a instructor to learn the topic safe he or she needs to put up an apprehension of an extended and updated cognition, be able to ground the cognition with mundane application and be prep argond to reception all sorts of inquiries relevant to what he or she teaches.Delivery of the begrudge contented and accomplishments in scientific generate up to the scholars greatly depend on how much a peculiar scientific check up on instructor adjudge in shop for them, e.g. educational background, major country of specialisation, related preparations and learning experience. Though, the set of coveted larning competences provide instructors with way, it is blanket(a) in range and can be interpreted in unlike ways depending on the instructor s background and experience. A instructor must hold the practiced cognition of the different contents and accomplishments in the BEC competence before he/she can precisely interpret it to the scholars. The broad range of scientific discipline demands that instructors must possess the particularized cognition and accomplishments of a peculiar ingredient of scientific discipline and non from related background and experience. Physicss, alchemy and Biology instructors should non unless be one page in front of their pupils nevertheless, they should be experts, becaexercising that is what the scholars previse them to be.Knowledge of Teaching PedagogyTeaching for better acquisition is intimately how to learn efficaciously. The procedure is touch ond with footings like, instructional schemes, learning cognition, learning schemes, learning systems, learning rules or learning theoretical accounts.Teaching for thought is a conclusion doing procedure of doing significances. The thought procedure is associated with the following(preno minal) footings analytical thought, analogical thought, brooding thought, small thought, originative thought, inductive thought and sidelong thought. Though, there be different footings for believe but there is a common reading through them it is a procedure with three components- cognitive operations, cognition, and temperaments.Knowledge of Students and Their acquisition mannersAn facet of individualism crucial to pedagogical determinations is learning manners or gustations. It sets artistic style on how pupils learn and non on what they learn. Prior to instruction, the instructor must happen out how pupils learn through interviews, insouciant interactions, pupils personal write and learning manner diagnosing.Lack of Qualified Chemistry teachersScience and Technology III ( Chemistry ) , in the visible radiation of 2002 Basic Education Curriculum aims to assist the Filipino scholars amplification a functional apprehension of scientific constructs and rules conjugated with existent life state of affairss and get scientific accomplishments, attitudes, and values necessary to analyse and work out periodic jobs.The aims of the scientific discipline plan focal point on conceptual apprehension, acquisition of scientific discipline procedures or believing accomplishments, peculiarly critical and originative thought accomplishments and development of scientific values and attitudes. Therefore, scientific discipline instructors must every bit posses the same conceptual apprehension and competency because it is through them that the ends and aims of the section instruction atomic number 18 being carried out. They be the ultimate agencies to recognize the visions of instruction. Nevertheless, based on the latest survey ( DOST-SEI, 2005 ) and ( DEPED, 2006 ) the Numberss of instructors learning scientific discipline and mathematics with no background have exceeded the frame of reference of those with background by 14,153 ( Ogena, Ester, 2006 ) . This survey shows also many unqualified scientific discipline instructors in the section of instruction.Therefore, consequences of the matter Diagnostic Test administered to high prep atomic number 18 pupils in 2002 and 2003 atomic number 18 no surprising. It shows that merely 10 % of pupils in scientific discipline passed the competence degree. in any case the consequences of the Trends in maths and Science Study ( TIMSS, 2003 ) show that the national Mathematics and Science average tonss in 1999 and 2003 were really much lower than the outside(a) mean mark ( bottom 25 % of pupils ) and, one of the recommended solutions addicted by TIMSS was teacher preparation.Harmonizing to Ibe and Ogena ( 1998 ) , teacher instruction does non pull the best or the exceedingly intellectually capable high school alumnuss. It is the least expensive plan that is accessible to the center and low income households that desires higher instruction for their kids. This widely distributedisation resu lted from a survey conducted by Ibe ( 1979 ) , that much pupils from the lower 30 percentiles expressed penchant for teacher instruction. This is because, instruction plan particularly for non scientific discipline spacious leagues are least expensive and requires less laboratory fees. However, when they will decay in the instruction profession, these instructors will be forced to learn scientific discipline when there is no available scientific discipline instructor to learn the topic.Proficiency in the side lingual communication is some other larning barrier on the portion of pupils every bit nigh as instructors. Science text editions are written in English, category book of instructions are made in English, yet instructors possibly fluid English talkers but doing usage of the native speech pattern. In 1925, one eventful happening made by the Philippine Education System was that, Filipino kids were two and a half old ages behind than American kids in reading accomplishment s. This spread is merely apprehensible because, to the Americans English is their native lingual communication while for the Filipinos, it is their 2nd linguistic communication ( Gonzales, 2004 ) . English linguistic communication is taught by Filipino instructors who every bit good are non self-generated English talkers. Using right American speech pattern affairs because the significance of the word differs with how it is being pronounced.Smithers and Robinsons ( 2005 ) said that rich states like USA and Canada are besides sing great trouble in pulling their ain race to acquire into chemical erudition and internal philosophies learning. They besides experience serious deficit of competent chemical learning and natural philosophies instructors and because of this they recruit instructors from the Philippines offering beautiful wages and other benefits and who can decline this really luring offer? Hence, best instructors in chemical science and natural philosophies are travel ing out of the state in essay for greener grazing land.What is the deduction of all these studies to the educational system of the state? This leaves no pick for the section of instruction than to let misfits to learn chemical science and natural philosophies particularly in far flung countries.The BEC Learning CompetencesThe prescribed acquisition competences present the set of coveted learning ends peculiarly in chemical science by which instructors shall stay and construction their lessons consequently. Chemistry is a wide topic and encompasses different countries of specialisations. Below are two sets of competences in Chemistry- BEC and the CEM competences by which their diagnostic scrutiny shall be based. Both competences designed for high school chemical science are classified as General Chemistry. Therefore, they include basic subjects appropriate for the degree of apprehension of high school pupils that will fix them for third instruction.BEC Learning CompetencyThe 2002 Ba sic Education Curriculum ( BEC ) of the section of Education lays down the undermentioned coveted larning endsIntroduction to chemistry scholars are evaluate to appreciate the splendor of chemical science, appreciate the accomplishments of Filipino and irrelevant chemists, appreciate and understand the usage of different research lab apparatus and demonstrate apprehension on the mathematical constructs of chemical science.Classifying subject field the scholars are expected to show accomplishments in placing chemical systems demonstrate soul on the elements and compounds present in day-to-day life and show cognition of wide proficiencys in preparing, dividing and sublimating affair.Solutions pupils shall be able to understand the solution procedure and its relation to life force alterations and molecular interaction, home plate types of solutions, relate colligative belongingss of solutions, be able to work out jobs in relation to concentration of solutions and associat e solutions to the natural environment.Colloids- Students are expected to show apprehension on the belongingss and utilizations of colloids and its importance in day-to-day life.Gases- Learners shall show apprehension on the belongingss and behavior of gases in relation to different gas Torahs and equations, show job work outing accomplishments utilizing mathematical equations and associate gas Torahs and rules involved in some engineerings.Inside the Atom this chapter speaks approximately the parts of early scientists in the development of the atomic theory, demonstrate concord on the construction of the atom and appreciate how these subatomic atoms and radiation are employ in engineering peculiarly in medical specialty. point Among Elementss the scholars are expected to show apprehension of the belongingss of elements in relation to their pips or locations in the periodic tabular cast, and appreciate the importance of cognizing the elements and how they are used in engineer ing.Neckties That Chemically Bind pupils shall be able to understand how atoms combine, place the types of chemical bond and associate the belongingss and utilizations of compounds with the type of chemical bond.Changes In Matter appreciate the practical of phase/chemical alterations, demonstrate apprehension of the Torahs modulate alterations, and show the tycoon to give symbols, expressions and chemical equations in explicating chemical chemical reactions.Change, dynamism and Time demonstrate apprehension of how chemical reactions occur and appreciate the importance of commanding rates of reactions in engineering.The CEM Learning CompetencesA A The competences designed by the Center for Educational Measurement contains precisely the same in footings of content with the BEC interlingual rendition but in different agreement. For chemical science, the undermentioned competences are enumerated belowIntroduction to Chemistry Demonstrates knowledge and apprehension of constructs discusses scientific method determines figure of important figures makes temperature transitions enumerates safety safeguards in the lab distinguishes substances/mixtures, homogeneous/ manifold systems, carnal/chemical alterations, exothermic/endothermic reactions, and heat/temperature.Symbols, Formulas, and Equations Demonstrates cognition, apprehension, and application of constructs writes chemical symbols balances chemical equations translates verbal statements to chemical equations uses mole construct to execute mole-mole, mass-mass computations solves jobs change molar mass/ per centum composing by weight/number of moles abandoned the expression of a substance.Phases of Matter Demonstrates cognition, apprehension, and application of constructs describes/compares the belongingss of the provinces of affair states the Kinetic molecular Theory, composing of the ambiance, and the map of a calorimeter solves jobs affecting the gas Torahs describes the relationship bet ween temperature and vapor force per unit area.The Atom Demonstrates cognition, apprehension, and application of constructs observes electrical disposition of affair infers the footing of agreement of elements in the periodic tabular array predicts the separate figure of elements utilizing figure of valency negatrons determines electronic constellations interprets from a tabular array the relationship between atomic mass and comparative teemingness of isotopes.Chemical Bonding Demonstrates cognition, apprehension, and application of constructs provinces and explains formation of covalent, ionic, and metallic elementlic bonds determines oxidation figure of elements in a compound relates molecular form, mutual opposition, intermolecular forces of attractive force, and boiling points of molecules to each other.Types of Chemical Chemical reactions Demonstrates cognition and apprehension of constructs names/identifies four general types of chemical reactions identifies reactant s and merchandises of a reaction uses the activity serial of elements to find whether a individual supplanting reaction will gallop as written.The Chemistry of Solutions Demonstrates cognition and apprehension of the constructs describes the nature/types of solutions identifies solute and solvent identifies saturated, unsaturated, and supersaturated solutions calculates solution concentrations defines/explains solubility and the factors impacting it states colligative belongingss of solutions.Chemical Kinetics and Chemical Equilibrium Demonstrates cognition and apprehension of the constructs defines dynamicss and rates of chemical reactions, identifies and explains factors impacting rates of reactions differentiates organic and inorganic accelerators explains how a chemical reaction occurs defines and explains chemical equilibrium and what a reversible reaction is.Ions and Equilibrium Acids and Bases Demonstrates cognition and apprehension of constructs defines and pop o ffs illustrations of acids and bases explains how pH is related to the sourness of a solution explains buffers and buffer solutions and describes maps and restrictions of acid-base indexs.Electrochemistry Demonstrates cognition, apprehension, and application of constructs explains oxidization and decrease reactions in footings of addition or loss of negatrons describes ways of preventing/controlling redox reactions describes and explains electrolytic reactions and applies Faraday s Law of Electrolysis to find provinces of metal/metal ions produced.Carbon and Compounds Demonstrates knowledge and apprehension of basic constructs identifies categories of organic compounds with their illustrations describes biological procedures for the organic structure to utilize energy from saccharides, fats, and p rote learningins. ( http //www.cem-inc.org.ph ) .Comparing between two sets of competences BEC and CEM, two contains precisely the same subjects as of the first sevener competences but the latter become much march on in the following four subjects. Nevertheless, a specialist chemical science instructor is expected to be more knowing than his or her scholars. These travel chemical science content countries will supply background information for the instructor as he or she must understand the constructs good so that he or she can efficaciously leave these constructs to the scholars.B.2 theme Competency-Based Teacher s Standard ( NCBTS )The National Competency-Based Teacher Standard ( NCBTS ) is an incorporate theoretical model that defines the different dimensions of stiff instruction in all facets of a instructor s lord life and in all stages of instructor development. This is an outgrowth of the Basic Reform Agenda ( BESRA ) of the section of Education, under Key Reform Thrust 2- Training and victimisation. BESRA, is a reform first step of the section to supply basic competences to everyone to accomplish functional literacy for all Filipinos, in suppo rt to EFA which means, Education For All a planetary motion led by UNESCO to achieve functional literacy by 2015.The NCBTS -TSNA Toolkit is a revised version of the NCBTS which will enable instructors to find their strengths and failings in relation to the set of criterions that defines the general competency of a instructor. This toolkit is composed of 270 cognition, accomplishments, and attitudes ( KSA ) points, under 80 indexs, 3 strands and seven NCBTS spheres. Therefore, the instructor will sporadically measure his learning public presentation thru this toolkit in recite to continuously better and raise his/her learning competency towards criterion. Least scored points in the toolkit shall besides function as footing of the section of Education to include these points in their INSET. Thus, the undermentioned spheres wholly describe an impressive and efficient instructor in the section of instruction, as follows area 1 Social Regard for LearningThis is composed of two bas es and five indexs of cognition, accomplishments and attitudes depicting the instructor as function theoretical account to the scholars. Thus the instructor demonstrates the undermentioned indexs attachment to school policies and ordinances, promptness, appropriate visual aspect and behavior.Sphere 2 Learning EnvironmentThis is consist of 5 strands and 17 indexs that describes the talent of the instructor to make a favourable physical and societal environment where pupils are respected, irrespective of gender, faith, socio-economic background, ethnicity, and where pupils are safe and acquisition is contributing given the physical environment. It besides describes the ability of the instructor to make a societal clime where pupils actively engage in larning activities without bias and fright.Sphere 3 Diverseness of LearnersThis sphere is described by the instructor s ability to determines, understands,and accepts the scholars diverse background and experiences. This entails his or capableness to choose larning activities suit to the different types of scholars.Sphere 4 Course of studySphere 4 is focus on command of content and learning direction method. Therefore, the instructor is expected to present accurate and updated content cognition to the scholars with appropriate methodological analysiss, set upons and schemes suited to the different types and intelligences of scholars. The instructor is besides viewed to posses linguistic communication literacy accomplishments, pass oning all the way to the apprehensible degree of scholars. Similarly, this besides refers to the instructor s ability to make and utilize teaching stuffs peculiarly in the usage of information and communicating engineering in learning and acquisition.Sphere 5 Planning, Assessing and ReportingThis sphere measures the capacity of the instructor to develop and implement instructional programs, the usage of a assortment of appropriate appraisal schemes to better the teaching-learn ing procedure.Domain 6 -Community LinkagesThe instructor is able to do lessons and teaching-learning activities relevant to the experiences, values, and aspirations of the federation. The instructor demonstrates involvement in community projects that promote acquisition.Sphere 7 Personal Growth and Professional DevelopmentThis is the last sphere which speaks about the self-respect of the instruction profession and his or her lord growing and development. The instructor should continue the self-respect of the learning profession by puting the highest criterion of ethical and moral values and ever seeks continuous betterment in his or her teaching calling ( NCBTS-TSNA Toolkit, Department of Education, TEDP, TWG ) .B.3 Teaching Competence thru NCBTS and Performance thru Diagnostic TestThe National Competency-Based Teachers Standard ( NCBTS ) is the instructor s development usher towards personal and professional growing. It is a self-assessment usher that helps instructors place the ir professional and developing demands every bit good as their unmarried strengths in line with the seven spheres of the National Competency-Based Teachers Standard ( NCBTS ) and as summarized in the Teacher Strengths and Needs ( TSNA ) Toolkit. This NCBTS-TSNA Toolkit is a modified version of the National Competency-Based Teacher s Standard initiated by Project BEAM which is more localised, fathomable to the degree of instructors, and some of all, quantitative. This modified toolkit is designed to assist instructors find their professional development and preparation demands. However, the informations derived from this toolkit shall non be used to rate them instead, they will give accurate information about the instructor s competences in the undermentioned spheres and strands so that, appropriate intercessions on the portion of the instructor and the direction shall be effected to assist instructors in their professional growing and development.However, instructors may hold t he inclination to over rate themselves in some of the points because of adult mannish s unconditioned inclination to self-preservation ( Freud Sigmund, 1910 ) . The term self-preservation in its aboveboardst term describes both the set of behaviours by which persons attempt to continue their ain being and the physical procedures that set up these behaviours. Hence, the inclination of non seeing their failings can besides be supported by the cognitive-psychological trial created by Joseph Luft and Harry Ingham in 1995 in the United States. This is cognize as the Johari Window . In this theory, it is said that there are unsighted musca volitanss in some countries of adult anthropoid s life that is non known to self but are known to others.To sum it all, the NCBTS-TSNA toolkit may non be an effectual tool towards instructors personal and professional development if it is left entirely to the instructor to see his or her ain strengths and failings. As most instructors tend to r ate themselves maximum in footings of content and teaching method, but their existent public presentation in an administered and value trial will state the truth about their content competence peculiarly for chemical science instructors in the division of Sarangani Province.Therefore, this survey will be best achieved if consequences of the instructors diagnostic trial will be jibe with their NCBTS-TSNA tonss particularly in content and teaching method.B.4 Training ProgramIn-Service Trainings ( INSET ) are frequently given to instructors before the gap of categories to fix instructors for the coming school twelvemonth. However, most in-service preparations are done in mass, non capable specific but instead a combination of learning schemes and managerial or supervisory attacks.Therefore, a good preparation plan to reply specific jobs re- chemical science content and teaching method may cover the undermentioned countriesChemistry ContentMisconceptions in some hard constructs are t he most common mistake committed by non specialist chemical science instructors or if non, escaped by some.Teaching methodTeaching teaching method involves the schemes or methodological analysiss of learning and how instructors deliver the goods to the scholars. Thus, some of the subjects may include the undermentioned oppugning technique, trial construct, and synergistic acquisition activities.The Art of QuestioningEffective instructors are able to carry on direction that keeps pupils actively involved in the lesson. The best instructors are skilled in oppugning, in assisting pupils come to a clear apprehension of the content, and in supervising apprehension ( Cruickshank, Jenkins, Metcaff, 2006 ) .The most effectual instructors set up and keep extremely synergistic classrooms- schoolrooms characterized by student-student and teacher-student talks instead than merely, teacher talk ( Feden, 1994 Lock and Priggue, 2002 Marzano, 2002 ) .Bellon, Bellon, and Black ( 1992 ) province t hat oppugning is the instructional procedure that is cardinal to verbal interaction in the schoolroom. The examination instructors enquire service as the port between instructor s outlooks and pupils response. This interface in synergistic instruction is critical because it shifts the focal point from the instructor to the pupils.Effective inquiries require pupils to actively process information and compose an reply. right-hand(a) inquiries addition pupils battles, raise the degree of ideas, aid pupils form their ideas, guide pupils more successfully through academic under winnings and let instructor to supervise understanding and provide feedback. In spite the obvious value of good inquiries, it appears that instructors rarely use inquiries every bit efficaciously as they could ( Alexander, Jetton, &038 A Kulikowich, 1994 Orstein and Lastery, 2000 ) . near instructors oppugning spiels includes giving information that unneeded or confusing, presenting more than one inquiry a t a clip, or neglecting to stipulate the nature of the expected reply ( Sigel, 1990 Traver, 1998 ) .Good and Brophy ( 2000 ) reviewed research on oppugning and concluded that pupils learn more when instructors look at frequent inquiries and include a assortment of inquiries in their lessons.Wilen and Clegy ( 1986 ) besides inform that instructor inquiring is besides related to increase accomplishments among pupils. Further, research on oppugning suggests that instructor s usage of higher order inquiries promotes higher order believing accomplishments.Good and Effective QuestionsIf instructors want their inquiring to be effectual, they must be certain to give voice their inquiries clearly and briefly. Too frequently, instructors ask inquiries that are about impossible for pupils to reply accurately.Tayko and Sunga ( 2004 ) said that, for inquiries to be effectual, clear inquiries use natural, unambiguous linguistic communication appropriate to the degree of pupils. They are beside s concise, including merely the words, footings and information, pupils used in order to reply the inquiry. They describe the specific points should go to to, but they do non include unneeded words or parenthetical looks. Finally, they are directed towards academic content, or the aims of the lesson.Test Construction Do you learn to the trial? This was the debut made by an unknown source in the stuff, Developing Higher degree Teacher-Made Trials . The monitoring and rating group during the pilot execution of the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum ( BEC ) found out that instructors were found, so, to learn to the trial , and the pupils survey to the trial . This refers to how instructors constructed their trial inquiries. The studies showed that inquiries like simple callback and acknowledgment which are low degree inquiries are ease prevailing. These are types of traditional trials that do non heighten the higher order believing accomplishments of pupils. Higher flat inquiries like analysis, synthesis and rating are hard to build because it requires clip and intelligence to build the inquiry logically. Multiple Choice, though it is among the traditional type of trials, is highly versatile- can mensurate the higher metal procedures. Nevertheless, building plausible options is a hard thing to make. BEC besides urged instructors to utilize alternate signifiers of appraisal like free response or open(a) ended inquiries, group work, research lab and field observations and many others.The fresh tendencies in appraisal do non propose the traditional appraisal technique that instructors had been utilizing through old ages should finally be changed. In fact, these types of trials are usually adopted and are appropriate in periodic and accomplishments trials. Surely, decently constructed eightfold pick trials are first-class for expeditiously and objectively measuring cognition of a big content of sphere. What is needed is a balanced attack to assessment, in w hich appropriate techniques are administered and used in a presumptive manner for the instructor s determination devising. Just because the appraisal focuses on complex thought accomplishments or uses portfolios does non intend it is better or more believable. The appraisal technique must be matched to aim and must be conducted harmonizing to quality criterions ( McMillan 1997 ) .Hanna and Peggy ( 2004 ) province that, the major ground for blemished trial building pattern is that the sorts of trial inquiries that are easiest to write- be they objectives or essay- step rote cognition, non deep processing. It is natural to take the easy route and to zigzag out points that flow easy . However, if busy instructors do non prosecute in profound preliminary planning refering balance between recall type inquiries and points that spigot complex thought, a trial is likely to give more accent than wanted on memory and less on such things as apprehension, thought, and using acquisition t o other state of affairss.Teacher as the Facilitator of LearningIn the teaching-learning procedure, two critical factors come into play- teaching of instruction and psychological science of larning that a instructor must subscribe to. The three doctrines of instruction as presented by margin and Reinhartz, are essentialism, progressivism and existential philosophy.The 2002 Basic Education Curriculum espouses progressivism as its doctrine and adopts the positions of the constructivist theory of larning. The major theoretical point of the constructivist theory of acquisition is that, star scholars generate their ain apprehension. Learners construct sets of outlooks or beliefs about a scope of natural phenomena in the attempt to do sense of their mundane experiences. These beliefs are based on old acquisition and past experiences. From the constructivist position, scientific discipline acquisition means a alteration in thoughts instead than taking in a new thought as a separate, di sgorge entity. When a scholar receives information, he tries to understand it by suiting it into his bing cognitive structure.. ( Josefina L. Pabellon, NISMED, 2002 )Whole Brain Literacy Approach ( WBL )WBL or Whole Brain Literacy is an attack to larning proposed by Rizalina Tayko and Corazon Letz, which they described it as the 3rd literacy. It stems from the findings of Dudley Lynch on how the nous plants. They delimitate WBL, which they besides called, Plus Competency , as a reader/ disciple s ability to use the module of whole encephalon operation in treating information. The encephalon has its parts and specialised maps. When the four quarter-circles of the encephalon connect, be and interact, the encephalon is its functional best. ( Perla Rizalina M. Tayko, et.al, 2005 ) .How does WBL precisely work to heighten the competence of instructors? How would the attack better the competence of the scholars? WBL explores and expands believing larning procedure by utilizing the fo ur quarter-circles of the encephalon in every measure of learning and larning procedure. The aims, the types and degrees of activities of the lesson, the types and degrees of rating and at the store of the lesson- all these must embrace the four operation parts so that scholars would be challenge to utilize their whole encephalon module.The envisioned holistic acquisition in the Revised Basic Education Curriculum of the Department of Education, says Tayko in her book, Learning to Read, Reading to Learn , can be facilitated utilizing the WBL scheme.